Specific Gravity to Density Calculator

Density Formula:

\[ \rho = SG \times \rho_{water} \]

Density (kg/m³):

Unit Converter ▲

Unit Converter ▼

From:	To:

1. What is a Specific Gravity to Density Calculator?

Definition: This calculator converts specific gravity (a unitless ratio) to density (mass per unit volume) using the density of water as a reference.

Purpose: It helps engineers, scientists, and students quickly determine material density when only specific gravity is known.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ \rho = SG \times \rho_{water} \]

Where:

\( \rho \) — Density (kg/m³)
\( SG \) — Specific Gravity (unitless)
\( \rho_{water} \) — Density of water (typically 1000 kg/m³ at 4°C)

Explanation: Specific gravity is multiplied by the reference density of water to obtain the material's absolute density.

3. Importance of Density Calculation

Details: Density is crucial for material selection, buoyancy calculations, fluid mechanics, and many engineering applications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the specific gravity (ratio relative to water) and water density (default 1000 kg/m³). All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is specific gravity?
A: Specific gravity is the ratio of a material's density to the density of water at 4°C (1000 kg/m³).

Q2: When would I change the water density value?
A: If working with water at different temperatures (e.g., 998 kg/m³ at 20°C) or using different reference liquids.

Q3: What are typical specific gravity values?
A: Common values: water = 1.0, aluminum = 2.7, gold = 19.3, gasoline = 0.7-0.8.

Q4: Can I use this for gases?
A: Yes, but gas specific gravity is typically referenced to air (density 1.225 kg/m³) rather than water.

Q5: How precise is this calculation?
A: The precision depends on your input values and the reference water density used.