1. What is a Flue Gas Density Calculator?

Definition: This calculator estimates the density of flue gas based on pressure, average molar mass of components, and temperature.

Purpose: It helps engineers and environmental professionals determine flue gas properties for system design and emissions calculations.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( \rho \) — Flue gas density (kg/m³)
• \( P \) — Pressure (Pascals)
• \( M_{avg} \) — Average molar mass of gas components (kg/mol)
• \( R \) — Universal gas constant (8.314 J/(mol·K))
• \( T \) — Temperature (Kelvin)

Explanation: The formula is derived from the ideal gas law, modified to calculate density directly.

3. Importance of Flue Gas Density Calculation

Details: Accurate density calculations are essential for designing exhaust systems, calculating emissions, and determining buoyancy effects.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the pressure in Pascals, average molar mass (default 0.029 kg/mol for air), and temperature in Kelvin (default 298.15K = 25°C). All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's a typical average molar mass for flue gas?
A: For combustion products, it's typically 0.028-0.030 kg/mol, depending on fuel composition and excess air.

Q2: Why use Kelvin for temperature?
A: The gas law requires absolute temperature (Kelvin) to work correctly in calculations.

Q3: How do I convert from °C to K?
A: Simply add 273.15 to the Celsius temperature (e.g., 25°C = 298.15K).

Q4: What pressure should I use for atmospheric systems?
A: Standard atmospheric pressure is 101325 Pa (1 atm).

Q5: Does this work for high-pressure systems?
A: The ideal gas law works well for most flue gas applications, but for very high pressures (>10 atm), real gas corrections may be needed.