Density of Water in g/mL at 25°C

Water Density Formula:

\[ \rho = \frac{\rho_0}{1 + \beta \times (T - T_0)} \]

Reference Density (ρ₀):

g/mL

Thermal Expansion (β):

/°C

Temperature (T):

°C

Reference Temp (T₀):

°C

Water Density (g/mL):

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1. What is Water Density Calculator?

Definition: This calculator estimates the density of water at a given temperature using thermal expansion properties.

Purpose: It helps scientists, engineers, and students determine water density for experiments, designs, and calculations.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ \rho = \frac{\rho_0}{1 + \beta \times (T - T_0)} \]

Where:

\( \rho \) — Density at temperature T (g/mL)
\( \rho_0 \) — Reference density at T₀ (1 g/mL at 4°C)
\( \beta \) — Thermal expansion coefficient (~0.000214/°C)
\( T \) — Current temperature (°C)
\( T_0 \) — Reference temperature (4°C)

Explanation: The formula accounts for how water density changes with temperature due to thermal expansion.

3. Importance of Water Density Calculation

Details: Water density affects buoyancy, fluid dynamics, chemical reactions, and many engineering applications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter reference density (default 1.0000 g/mL), thermal expansion coefficient (default 0.000214/°C), current temperature (default 25°C), and reference temperature (default 4°C).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is 4°C used as reference?
A: Water reaches its maximum density at 4°C (1.0000 g/mL), making it a natural reference point.

Q2: How accurate is this calculation?
A: Very accurate near room temperature. For extreme temperatures, more complex equations may be needed.

Q3: What's the density of water at 25°C?
A: Approximately 0.997048 g/mL using default values.

Q4: Does this work for seawater?
A: No, seawater requires accounting for salinity. Use different ρ₀ and β values for saline solutions.

Q5: Why does water density decrease above 4°C?
A: Thermal expansion causes water molecules to move farther apart, decreasing density.