Density of Water in g/mL at 20°C

Water Density Formula:

\[ \rho = \frac{\rho_0}{1 + \beta \times (T - T_0)} \]

Water Temperature:

°C

Thermal Expansion Coefficient (β):

1/°C

Density at 4°C (ρ₀):

g/mL

Reference Temperature (T₀):

°C

Water Density (g/mL):

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1. What is Water Density Calculator?

Definition: This calculator estimates the density of water at a given temperature based on thermal expansion properties.

Purpose: It helps scientists, engineers, and students determine water density for experiments, calculations, and industrial processes.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ \rho = \frac{\rho_0}{1 + \beta \times (T - T_0)} \]

Where:

\( \rho \) — Water density at temperature T (g/mL)
\( \rho_0 \) — Water density at reference temperature (1 g/mL at 4°C)
\( \beta \) — Thermal expansion coefficient (~0.0002/°C)
\( T \) — Current water temperature (°C)
\( T_0 \) — Reference temperature (4°C)

Explanation: The formula accounts for how water density changes with temperature due to thermal expansion.

3. Importance of Water Density Calculation

Details: Accurate water density values are crucial for precise measurements in chemistry, engineering, and environmental science.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the water temperature in °C, thermal expansion coefficient (default 0.0002/°C), reference density (default 1 g/mL at 4°C), and reference temperature (default 4°C).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is water density maximum at 4°C?
A: Water's unique hydrogen bonding causes its density to peak at 4°C before decreasing as it freezes.

Q2: What's the typical density of water at 20°C?
A: Approximately 0.9982 g/mL, which is the default result shown.

Q3: When would I change the thermal expansion coefficient?
A: For extremely precise calculations or when working with water under different pressure conditions.

Q4: How accurate is this calculation?
A: It provides good estimates for most purposes, though very precise work may require more complex equations.

Q5: Does this work for ice or steam?
A: No, this calculator is for liquid water only. Phase changes require different calculations.