1. What is Density of Water?

Definition: Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance, typically measured in grams per milliliter (g/mL) for water.

Standard Value: Pure water has a density of ~1 g/mL at 4°C (39°F), which is its maximum density point.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( \rho \) — Density (g/mL)
• \( m \) — Mass (grams)
• \( V \) — Volume (milliliters)

Explanation: The mass of water is divided by its volume to calculate density.

3. Importance of Water Density

Details: Water density is crucial in chemistry, physics, engineering, and environmental science. It affects buoyancy, fluid dynamics, and temperature regulation in nature.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the mass of water in grams and volume in milliliters. Both values must be > 0. For pure water at 4°C, the result should be approximately 1 g/mL.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why does water's density change with temperature?
A: Water molecules form different hydrogen-bonded structures at different temperatures, affecting how closely they pack together.

Q2: What's the density of ice compared to liquid water?
A: Ice has a lower density (~0.92 g/mL) which is why it floats on water.

Q3: How does salinity affect water density?
A: Saltwater is denser than freshwater (typically 1.02-1.03 g/mL for seawater).

Q4: Why is 4°C special for water density?
A: Water reaches its maximum density at this temperature before becoming less dense as it freezes.

Q5: How accurate is this calculator for other liquids?
A: The formula works for any substance, but the density value will differ based on the liquid's properties.