1. What is Water Density at Temperature?

Definition: This calculator estimates the density of water at a given temperature using thermal expansion properties.

Purpose: It helps scientists, engineers, and students understand how water density changes with temperature.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( \rho \) — Density at temperature T (kg/m³)
• \( \rho_0 \) — Reference density (1000 kg/m³ at 4°C)
• \( \beta \) — Thermal expansion coefficient (~0.0002/°C)
• \( T \) — Current temperature (°C)
• \( T_0 \) — Reference temperature (4°C)

Explanation: The formula accounts for how water expands (becomes less dense) as temperature increases above 4°C.

3. Importance of Water Density Calculation

Details: Water density affects buoyancy, fluid dynamics, heat transfer, and many engineering applications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the temperature in °C, reference density (default 1000 kg/m³), thermal expansion coefficient (default 0.0002/°C), and reference temperature (default 4°C).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is 4°C used as reference?
A: Water reaches its maximum density at 4°C, making it a natural reference point.

Q2: What's the density of water at 30°C?
A: Approximately 995.7 kg/m³ using default parameters.

Q3: When would I change the expansion coefficient?
A: For more precise calculations or different water conditions (e.g., saline water has different properties).

Q4: Does this work below 4°C?
A: No, water behaves differently below 4°C (expands when freezing). This calculator is for liquid water above 4°C.

Q5: How accurate is this calculation?
A: It provides a good estimate for most purposes, but for precise work consult water property tables.