Density of Water (H₂O) in kg/m³

Density Formula:

\[ \rho = \frac{m}{V} \]

Density (kg/m³):

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1. What is Water Density?

Definition: Density of water (ρ) is the mass per unit volume of water, typically measured in kg/m³.

Standard Value: Pure water at 4°C has a density of approximately 1000 kg/m³.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ \rho = \frac{m}{V} \]

Where:

\( \rho \) — Density (kg/m³)
\( m \) — Mass (kg)
\( V \) — Volume (m³)

Explanation: The mass of water is divided by its volume to calculate density.

3. Importance of Water Density

Details: Water density is crucial in hydrology, engineering, and various scientific applications. It affects buoyancy, fluid dynamics, and temperature regulation.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the mass of water in kilograms and volume in cubic meters. Both values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why does water density change with temperature?
A: Water density peaks at 4°C (1000 kg/m³) and decreases as temperature rises or falls due to molecular movement and hydrogen bonding.

Q2: How does salinity affect water density?
A: Saltwater is denser than freshwater - seawater averages about 1025 kg/m³ due to dissolved salts.

Q3: What's the density of ice compared to liquid water?
A: Ice is less dense (~917 kg/m³) than liquid water, which is why it floats.

Q4: How precise is the 1000 kg/m³ standard value?
A: It's exact by definition at 4°C, but varies slightly with isotopic composition and purity.

Q5: What units are used for water density in different systems?
A: Common units include kg/m³ (SI), g/cm³ (1 g/cm³ = 1000 kg/m³), and lb/ft³ (62.43 lb/ft³ for water at 4°C).