1. What is Flue Gas Density?

Definition: This calculator determines the density of flue gas based on pressure, average molar mass of components, and temperature.

Purpose: It helps engineers and environmental scientists calculate flue gas properties for combustion analysis, emissions monitoring, and system design.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( \rho \) — Density of flue gas (kg/m³)
• \( P \) — Pressure (Pascals)
• \( M_{avg} \) — Average molar mass of flue gas components (kg/mol)
• \( R \) — Universal gas constant (8.314 J/(mol·K))
• \( T \) — Temperature (Kelvin)

Explanation: The formula is derived from the ideal gas law, relating gas density to its pressure, molar mass, and temperature.

3. Importance of Flue Gas Density Calculation

Details: Accurate density calculations are essential for designing exhaust systems, calculating emissions, and optimizing combustion processes.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the pressure in Pascals, average molar mass (default 0.029 kg/mol for air), and temperature in Kelvin (default 298.15K = 25°C). All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's a typical molar mass for flue gas?
A: For combustion products, typical values range from 0.028-0.032 kg/mol depending on fuel composition.

Q2: How do I convert pressure from atm to Pa?
A: Multiply atm by 101325 (1 atm = 101325 Pa).

Q3: How do I convert Celsius to Kelvin?
A: Add 273.15 to the Celsius temperature.

Q4: What's the universal gas constant (R)?
A: R = 8.314 J/(mol·K) is the standard value used in the ideal gas law.

Q5: Does this work for non-ideal gases?
A: This is an ideal gas approximation. For more accuracy with real flue gases, compressibility factors may be needed.