1. What is a Density Calculator from Specific Gravity?

Definition: This calculator converts specific gravity (SG) to density using the density of water as a reference.

Purpose: It helps engineers, scientists, and students quickly determine material density when only specific gravity is known.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( \rho \) — Density of material (kg/m³)
• \( SG \) — Specific gravity of material (unitless)
• \( \rho_{water} \) — Density of water (typically 1000 kg/m³)

Explanation: Specific gravity is the ratio of a material's density to water's density, so multiplying SG by water's density gives the material's absolute density.

3. Importance of Density Calculation

Details: Knowing material density is crucial for buoyancy calculations, material selection, structural design, and fluid dynamics applications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the specific gravity (typically 0.1-20 for common materials) and water density (default 1000 kg/m³). All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is specific gravity?
A: Specific gravity is the ratio of a material's density to the density of water at 4°C (1000 kg/m³).

Q2: When would I need to change the water density?
A: For high-precision work at different temperatures, as water density changes slightly with temperature (998 kg/m³ at 20°C).

Q3: What are typical specific gravity values?
A: Common values: water=1, aluminum=2.7, gold=19.3, gasoline=0.7, concrete=2.4.

Q4: Can I use this for gases?
A: Yes, but gas SG is typically referenced to air (density 1.225 kg/m³) rather than water.

Q5: How does temperature affect the calculation?
A: Both material density and water density change with temperature, but SG accounts for this if measured at same temperature.